https://awse.aletaha.ac.ir/ Advances in Water Sciences and Engineering en daily 1 Sun, 22 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0330 Sun, 22 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0330 https://awse.aletaha.ac.ir/article_228906.html Today, hydrological modeling is very important in runoff management. The impervious surfaces in Tehran have increased due to the increase in construction. This has caused floods and waterlogging in the city. Therefore, in this research, hydrological modeling of a part of Tehran city (Eastern catchment basin) has been done using GPM satellite daily rainfall data of 2018 in SWMM software. Then, at the end, the obtained results have been compared with the master plan of Tehran's surface water management. The results showed that in comparison of the peak runoff resulting from the modeling with the 25-year and 50-year plan, in 30 sub-basins the peak runoff from the modeling is higher than the 25-year plan and in 51 sub-basins the peak runoff from the modeling is less than the 25-year plan, in 36 sub-basins The runoff resulting from the modeling is more than the 50-year plan, and in 45 sub-basins, the peak runoff from the modeling is less than the 50-year plan https://awse.aletaha.ac.ir/article_229349.html Special attention is given to the Dam and reservoir interaction in all analysis because the safety of Dam during an earthquake is a vital issue for downstream parts. In this paper the interaction of dam-reservoir is evaluated in the case of earthquake. Therefore the hydrodynamic pressure in the upstream face of the dam should be calculated. For this regard, the governing differential equation on hydrodynamic pressure waves should be evaluated by the consideration of boundary conditions. Therefore we will concentrate on upstream boundary condition modeling which is fulfilled by use of two different methods: finite elements method with Sharan boundary condition and scaled boundary finite element method. In this research, fluid is considered to be homogeneous, non-viscose and compressible and is divided into two different regions: near and far. For the modeling of Dam body in the near field, finite element method and for the modeling of far field, scaled boundary finite element method is used. A concrete gravity Dam is used for this regard and it should be mentioned that two dimensional analysis is mostly used for the evaluation and modeling of such Dams.To be innovative, scaled boundary finite element method is used for the modeling of reservoir and to solve the governing equations on fluid and structure, simultaneous method of equation solving is used.In accordance to the fact that scaled boundary finite element method could model an infinite media, therefore complete attenuation is modeled and accurate results are presented. This method could shorten the calculations and increases the accuracy. https://awse.aletaha.ac.ir/article_229416.html Groundwater is one of the most critical sources of water supply, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Accurate simulation of groundwater levels is challenging due to the complexity of aquifer systems and inherent uncertainties. This study evaluates three intelligent models, decision tree, random forest, and fuzzy inference system for simulating groundwater levels in the Talesh aquifer during the period 2002–2015. Input parameters included precipitation, temperature, groundwater extraction, evaporation, and groundwater level from the previous month. Seventy percent of the data was used for training the models, while the remaining 30% was utilized for testing. The results indicated that the combination of groundwater level from the previous month, precipitation, groundwater extraction, and evaporation (Pattern C) provided the most accurate simulation. Among the input parameters, groundwater level from the previous month was identified as the most influential factor. The random forest model outperformed the others, achieving RMSE and MAE values of 0.44 m and 0.35 m, respectively. In contrast, the fuzzy inference system exhibited the lowest accuracy, with RMSE and MAE values of 0.49 m and 0.389 m, respectively. https://awse.aletaha.ac.ir/article_229422.html With the continuous increase in population and the subsequent growth of residential areas, flood mapping and management have become essential tasks. Identifying and highlighting areas at risk of flooding, as well as implementing structural and non-structural measures, are among the most important issues in flood management. The Jajrood River is one of the most important watersheds in Tehran Province. In this paper, the hydrological and water level data for floods with return periods of 200, 100, 50, 25, 10, and 5 years are determined using the HEC-RAS software model. Geographic Information System (GIS) is then used to create flood zoning maps. By matching damage charts to various points along the river based on the obtained water levels, critical areas in the region are identified. Subsequently, flood damage reduction strategies are proposed for these areas. In some engineering studies, predicting and simulating river behavior for different return periods is of great importance. Therefore, determining the dimensions of the riverbed and its boundaries is crucial for any flood management and prevention plan in the surrounding floodplain areas. https://awse.aletaha.ac.ir/article_229423.html Water distribution networks are among the most critical urban infrastructures, with leakage being a major challenge. Pressure control and management have been identified as effective strategies for reducing leakage. In this study, a hydraulic model was developed for two networks, Jowitt & Xu and a section of the Tehran water distribution network, using WaterGEMS. The optimal location and outlet pressure of pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) were determined as an optimization problem using the MOPSO approach. A MATLAB-based program was designed and integrated with the EPANET hydraulic analyzer for implementation. The results were evaluated and ranked using the VIKOR and TOPSIS methods. Ultimately, the optimized placement of 9 PRVs ensured that 80% of the network nodes-maintained pressure within the standard range, compared to only 65% coverage with 14 PRVs in the initial network condition. https://awse.aletaha.ac.ir/article_229425.html The generation of electrical energy plays a crucial role in national development plans in Iran. Electrical energy is produced either through fossil fuels or by utilizing clean energy sources. Energy production from fossil fuels is associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which lead to climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions must be limited according to the regulations of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Any emissions exceeding CDM regulations will result in financial penalties for the respective countries in the future. Hydropower is the most suitable form of clean energy production and is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in countries where electricity generation primarily relies on fossil fuels. In Iran, hydropower accounts for 5.1% of the total electricity generation. The most important source of hydropower generation in Iran is located in the Karun River Basin in the southwest of the country, where six reservoir dams and one run-of-river hydropower dam are operational, with five additional reservoir dams under construction or in the study phase.The objective is to develop a dynamic and user-friendly simulation model for cascade and parallel hydropower systems to ensure reliable energy production and peak electricity generation, estimate fossil fuel savings, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and protect the environment.